he cellular component level and dis carding many of the intracellular organelles due to their co occurrence with nucleotide binding, there are a nota bly large number of protein complexes, 2,918 sequences. With 819 sequences, another impor tant term on this level is vesicle, which correlates with secretory selleckchem functions, apoptosis, and autophagy. To prove the usefulness of the Smed454 dataset, we performed several searches on specific groups and gene families for which only scant data has been reported to date in planarians. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Planarians are mainly known for their remarkable regenerative capabilities, which depend upon the presence of stem cells named neoblasts. Because of the unique properties of these cells, some studies have used a microarray based strategy to detect neoblast specific genes.
In our Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Smed454 dataset we were able to identify, in addition to known neoblast markers such as piwis, histones, bruli, vasa or tudor, several other genes annotated as involved in cell cycle or DNA damage and repair. Within these gene set we find many cyclins and cell cycle divi sion related genes but also genes related to replication and chromosome maintenance. Finally, genes related to stress response and DNA damage were also identified, probably owing to the use of irradiated animals in the generation of the Smed454 dataset. In addition to these neoblast related genes we were able to identify large col lections of much less well characterized families in pla narians, such as neurotransmitter, peptide and hormone receptors, homeobox domain containing genes, and genes related to eye function in other animals.
Prediction of planarian transmembrane proteins Transmembrane proteins regulate a number of biological processes ranging from catalytic processes in intracellular and extracellular transport to cell to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cell communication. TM proteins have become particularly interesting as many of them are key initiators of signal transduction pathways, and they can be easily manipu lated by small molecule or Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries antibody based drugs. To identify putative TM proteins from the planarian tran scriptome, we mined the 454 dataset for putative TM protein encoding messages. Considering only the proteins that at least two application predicted would contain one or more transmembrane domains, resulted in a list of 8,597 Entinostat predicted transmembrane proteins, which represents 15,3% of the complete protein database.
Protein BLAST searches were then used to http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html align sequences to each other, and redundant sequences were removed from the predicted transmem brane set. The resulting database contained 4,663 sequences. Functional categorization using the UFO web server allowed us to assign PFAM protein families to 1,474 of the sequences and gene ontology classifications to 2,464. The top ten PFAM domains included, for example, the classifications for major facilitator superfamily, 7 transmembrane receptor and ion trans port protein. The top ten gene ontology profiles included membrane, transport, and G