J Cancer Res 2004, 64:4569–4576.CrossRef 39. Yan LM, Lin B, Zhu LC, Hao YY, Qi Y, Wang CZ, Gao S, Liu SC, Zhang SL, Iwamori M: Enhancement of the adhesive and spreading potentials
of ovarian carcinoma RMG-1 cells due to increased expression of integrin alpha5beta1 with the Lewis Y-structure on transfection of the alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase gene. Biochimie 2010, 92:852–857.PubMedCrossRef 40. Liu JJ, Lin B, Hao YY, Li FF, Liu DW, Qi Y, Zhu LC, Zhang SL, Iwamori M: Lewis(y) antigen stimulates the growth of ovarian cancer cells via regulation of the epidermal growth factor selleck inhibitor receptor pathway. Oncol Rep 2010, 23:833–841.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions LG carried out most parts of the experiment; LY, JG, XL, YW, JL and SZ participated in the experiment; BL participated in the design of the study; LY performed the statistical analysis; IM participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common digestive malignancies in the world, especially in East and Southeast Asia, including China [1]. Regional selleck lymph
nodes are the most common site of metastasis while lymph node metastasis is a major prognostic factor in gastric carcinomas. Understanding the mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis represents a crucial step and may result in a new therapeutic target in the treatment of human cancer. Lymphatic metastasis was previously believed to occur through pre-existing lymphatics [2, 3]. However, recent studies have suggested that lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels induced by
tumors, is directly correlated with the extent of lymph node metastasis of solid tumors [4, 5]. The degree of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) can quantify tumor lymphangiogenesis. LVD of cancer tissue has been considered one of the prognostic factors for survival Molecular motor outcome in various cancers including gastric carcinoma [6, 7]. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the most important lymphangiogenic factor produced by tumor and stromal cells. It has been found that VEGF-C is strongly expressed and has become an important predictor of lymphangiogenesis and prognosis in numerous types of cancers, including gastric carcinoma [8–10]. VEGF-C can promote lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of tumors by activating its special receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) [11, 12]. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis and has been reported to be overexpressed in various human cancers. During the progression of a cancer, COX-2 takes part in many pathophysiologic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, modulation of the immune system, and angiogenesis [13–17].