Nanocomplex sizes and �� potentials were determined by dynamic light scattering and by laser Doppler anemometry, respectively, using a Nano ZS Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) with the following specifications: automatic sampling time of 10 measurements/sample, refractive index of 1.330, dielectric constant 78.5, viscosity 0.8872 cP the and temperature of 25��C. �� potential settings were calibrated against the standard (?68 mV��6.8 mV). A total of three measurements per each sample were automatically performed. In vivo nebulisation All animals were handled in strict accordance with good animal practice as defined by the UK Home Office Animal Welfare Legislation, and all animal work was approved by the In
AIM: To investigate the role of the -347G��GA polymorphism in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: We designed a case-control study based on a population of CRC patients in China and normal healthy controls with no history of tumors or inherited diseases. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were used to genotype the variants, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of E-cadherin in different allele cases among the CRC patients and normal controls. RESULTS: The GA-allele (G/GA heterozygous and GA/GA homozygous) did not increase the risk of CRC compared with the G-allele (OR = 1.232, 95% CI = 0.898-1.691). However, the frequencies of the GA-allele were higher in poorly differentiated (P = 0.002) and proximal (P = 0.019) CRC patients than in normal controls.
We also observed that E-cadherin expression was lower in poorly differentiated CRC patients than in well differentiated CRC patients (P = 0.001). Furthermore, E-cadherin expression was lower for the GA-allele than for the G-allele (G/G heterozygous) in CRC patients (P = 0.018). In contrast, there was no significant difference in E-cadherin expression for the G-allele and GA-allele in normal controls (P = 0.292). CONCLUSION: The -347G��GA promoter polymorphism in E-cadherin gene is associated with specific CRC features, and may be a prognostic factor rather than a susceptibility factor during the progression of CRC. Keywords: Allele, Colorectal cancer, E-cadherin, Polymorphism, Prognosis INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Western countries[1], and is becoming more prevalent in Asian countries, especially China[2].
The etiopathogenesis of CRC is considered to be multifactorial, and to include high red meat intake[3], high alcohol intake[4] and smoking[5]. However, no single environmental or lifestyle factor has consistently been associated with the risk of CRC. Recently, more and more views support genetic predisposition as the basis of many Entinostat diseases, especially cancers[6].