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Many nations hosting refugees have put in place programs to train local, non-professional caregivers in interventions that are deployable on a broad scale. read more This critique examines the narrative accounts of these scalable interventions, assessing the supporting evidence for their effectiveness. It is important to note the inherent limitations of currently accessible scalable interventions. Increased focus should be placed on evaluating the lasting benefits of these interventions, addressing the mental health struggles of those refugees who have not responded, assisting refugees with more serious psychological issues, and understanding the specific mechanisms driving the favorable outcomes observed.

Investment in mental health promotion for children and adolescents during their crucial developmental stages is demonstrably crucial, based on extensive evidence. Yet, the information available is inconsistent for strategically enacting large-scale mental health promotion programs. Based on WHO guidance, this review analyzed psychosocial interventions for children aged 5 to 10 and adolescents aged 10 to 19. Schools are a primary setting for implementing psychosocial interventions to promote mental health, with some applications in family and community settings as well, involving a spectrum of personnel. Mental health promotion programs for younger generations have emphasized the development of key social and emotional skills, such as self-regulation and coping strategies; for older populations, additional skills like problem-solving and interpersonal abilities are emphasized. A considerably smaller number of interventions have been put into effect in low- and middle-income countries. Our analysis of cross-cutting themes in child and adolescent mental health promotion encompasses understanding the extent of the problem, the function of various components, the applicability of interventions in practice and their target groups, and the creation of supportive infrastructure and political drive. Crucial to the creation of effective mental health promotional interventions, particularly interventions that consider the diverse requirements of various groups, is the need for more evidence from participatory methods, to sustain healthy developmental trajectories for children and adolescents across the world.

A significant amount of the scholarly work dedicated to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been conducted primarily in high-income countries (HICs). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), frequently occurring together, are both substantial contributors to the global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This overview of the literature aims to synthesize research findings regarding the prevalence, impact, underlying causes, and treatments for PTSD and AUD. It draws upon studies conducted in high-income countries and analyzes the existing research in low- and middle-income countries. The review also scrutinizes the general restrictions in the field, particularly the lack of research on PTSD and AUD outside of high-income countries, difficulties in measuring key variables, and the limitations in sampling procedures employed in comorbidity studies. Future research strategies demand meticulous investigations, specifically within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), delving into both the root causes and treatment modalities relevant to these regions.

The 2021 report from the United Nations counted an estimated 266 million people as refugees internationally. Experiences connected to air travel, both before, during, and after the flight, intensify psychological distress, a key factor in the high incidence of mental health disorders. The unmet need for mental health care among refugees is strikingly apparent, contrasting with the actual mental health care offered. Bridging this gap might be achieved through the provision of mental healthcare accessed through smartphones. This systematic review compiles and analyzes current research on smartphone-delivered interventions for refugees, focusing on the following research queries: (1) What are the available smartphone applications for refugee support? What is known about their clinical efficacy and nonclinical outcomes (specifically, feasibility, appropriateness, acceptance, and obstacles)? What is the rate of student departures, and what are the motives driving their decision to discontinue? How significant is the concern for data security in the design of interventions delivered via smartphones? To identify published studies, gray literature, and unpublished information, relevant databases were thoroughly scrutinized. A comprehensive screening was conducted on 456 data points. read more Twelve interventions were observed, of which nine were based on peer-reviewed articles from eleven sources, and three lacked published study reports. These interventions included nine focused on adult refugees and three on adolescent and young refugees. Interventions were met with generally positive reactions from study participants, demonstrating their satisfactory level of acceptability. Just one of the four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined—two full RCTs and two pilot RCTs—demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the primary clinical outcome, in comparison to the control group. Dropout rates were observed to be distributed across a range from 29% to 80%. The discussion examines and integrates the heterogeneous findings, placing them within the existing literature.

South Asia's children and adolescents experience a notable burden of mental health risks. Even so, the policies aimed at preventing or treating mental health issues for young people within this setting remain underdeveloped, and access to related services is impeded. By boosting resource capacity in deprived communities, community-based mental health treatment could potentially resolve the challenge. Nevertheless, the present community-based mental health care offered to South Asian adolescents is poorly understood. A scoping review strategy was applied, encompassing the search of six scientific databases and a manual reference list review, to identify relevant studies. Three independent reviewers, guided by predefined criteria, a modified template for intervention description and replication, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, executed the study selection and extraction of data. A search identified a collection of 19 pertinent studies, published from January 2000 up to and including March 2020. Indian and Sri Lankan urban schools hosted studies frequently focused on PTSD and autism, with an emphasis on education-based interventions. The development of community-based mental health services for South Asian youth is in its infancy, yet promises the provision of essential resources for the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders. The significance of novel approaches, namely task-shifting and stigma reduction, is highlighted within South Asian settings, influencing policy, practice, and research initiatives.

The pandemic's impact on the population's mental well-being, which has been extensively documented, has been decidedly negative. Poor mental health has disproportionately affected marginalized groups who are vulnerable. This review explores the detrimental psychological effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on marginalised segments of society (including). Migrants, people from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, and members of minority ethnic groups experience homelessness, often accompanied by mental health issues, for which preventative and remedial interventions were established. In a comprehensive literature review, we assessed systematic reviews concerning mental health challenges within marginalized communities since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, including publications between January 1, 2020, and May 2, 2022, using Google Scholar and PubMed (MEDLINE). From a database of 792 studies investigating mental health issues among marginalized groups, identified via keyword search, a selection of 17 studies adhered to our eligibility guidelines. In our literature review, we retained twelve systematic reviews focusing on mental health challenges experienced by marginalized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with five systematic reviews of interventions designed to lessen the pandemic's mental health effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of underrepresented groups suffered significantly. Among the most often reported mental health difficulties were symptoms of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, interventions demonstrably beneficial and appropriate for marginalized communities should be widely disseminated to lessen the psychiatric strain on these groups and the broader population.

The disparity in alcohol-related disease burden is stark, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a greater load than high-income countries. Although health promotion, education, brief interventions, psychological therapies, family-focused approaches, and biomedical treatments demonstrably improve outcomes, access to evidence-based alcohol use disorder (AUD) care remains restricted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). read more This predicament arises from a combination of factors: poor access to both general and mental healthcare, restricted clinical skill sets among healthcare practitioners, insufficient political support and/or budgetary constraints, historical stigma and discrimination targeted at individuals with AUDs, and poorly conceived and implemented policies. Facilitating access to AUD care in LMICs necessitates evidence-based strategies that encompass the development of innovative, culturally appropriate, and locally relevant solutions, the enhancement of health systems through a collaborative tiered care model, the integration of AUD care into existing care frameworks (such as HIV care), the optimized allocation of limited human resources via task-sharing, the engagement of family members, and the use of technology-enhanced interventions. In the coming phase, research, policy, and practice in low- and middle-income countries must prioritize evidence-based decision-making, adaptation to local contexts and customs, collaborative efforts with diverse stakeholders for intervention development and implementation, identification of upstream social determinants of alcohol use disorders, the formulation and evaluation of policy strategies (including potentially increased alcohol taxation), and the creation of tailored services for specific populations, particularly adolescents with alcohol use disorders.