, 1991) is a six-item scale designed to measure physical dependence. Each item has its own individual response scale that varies by item. The FTND is a revision of the original Fagerstr?m Tolerance Questionnaire and has fair internal consistency (��=.61; Heatherton et al., 1991). Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale. The Nicotine Dependence done Syndrome Scale (NDSS; Shiffman et al., 2004) is a self-report measure designed to assess various dimensions of nicotine dependence. It consists of 19 items that load onto five different subscales: drive (��=.76), priority (��=.69), tolerance (��=.55), continuity (��=.63), and stereotypy (��=.70); total internal consistency is .84 (Shiffman & Sayette, 2005). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) is a self-report measure designed to assess positive and negative affect. It consists of 20 adjectives used to describe emotions (10 positive and 10 negative), and individuals are asked to rate, on a scale of 1�C5, how much they felt each of these emotions during the past 24 hr. Tobacco Dependence Screener. The Tobacco Dependence Screener (TDS; Kawakami, Takatsuka, Inaba, & Shimizu, 1999) is a self-report measure designed to assess 10 of the DSM-IV criteria for tobacco dependence; 0 indicates lack of the symptom and 1 indicates endorsement. The sum of symptoms, from 0�C10, allows for a fairly continuous measure of dependence. The TDS has shown good internal consistency (alpha values ranging from .76 to .81 across three studies; Kawakami et al., 1999).
TDS scores also were significantly correlated with number of cigarettes smoked per day, years smoking, and CO levels. Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives. The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68; Piper et al., 2004) comprises 68 items designed to assess 13 different theoretically derived motivational domains. Each item is answered on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = ��not true of me at all�� to 7 = ��extremely true of me.�� The subscales demonstrated good internal consistency (��=.88�C.94) in samples one and two. Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale. The Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS; Welsch et al., 1999) is a 28-item scale that assesses seven different withdrawal symptoms (anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, craving, hunger, sadness, and sleep).
Each item is answered on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = ��strongly disagree�� to 5 = ��strongly agree.�� Data analyses Item responses from all the measures described here were used in analyses (see Appendix A). These items assessed a range of constructs thought to be related Anacetrapib to relapse that might augment assessment of current dependence, including history of use, smoking in the environment, self-efficacy, withdrawal, affect, and demographics. The collective pool of items across surveys yielded a total of 211 possible items for development of the WI-PREPARE.