Inpatient prevalence Overview of iP from all countries providing such data is illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 Inpatient prevalence rate (iP%)—percent of ECT-treated selleck screening library patients among inpatient population. The iP was highest in Africa 21–28% (Mugisha and Ovuga 1991; Selis et al. 2008), Nepal 22%, (Ahikari et al. 2008), and overall in Asia estimated
between <9% and 26% Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (Little 2003). In the United States, iP was lowest, from 0.4% to 1.3% (McCall et al. 1992; Sylvester et al. 2000), similar to Hong Kong was 0.6–1.8% (Chung 2003; Chung et al. 2009). In Australia, iP ranged from 1% to 8% (Wood and Burgess 2003; Teh et al. 2005), and in Europe from 0.6% (Hungary) (Gazdag et al. 2004a) to 14% (Turkey) (Zeren et al. 2003). Average ECT number The AvE in New Zealand and Australia ranged from seven to 12 (O’Dea et al. 1991; Ministry of Health 2006; Chanpattana 2007), in Africa from one to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 10, (Sijuwola 1985; Selis et al. 2008), in USA from five (Reid et al. 1998; Kramer 1999) to 12 (Sylvester et al. 2000), USA overall
seven to eight (Rosenbach et al. 1997; Scarano et al. 2000; Prudic et al. 2001), and in Brazil eight (Pastore et al. 2008) (Appendix C, Tables C1–C5). AvE in Europe ranged from five (Glen and Scott 1999) to 11 (Sundhedsstyrelsen 2011a), except Sweden where it was one to 22 (Socialstyrelsen 2010). AvE in Pakistan was one to 20 (Naqvi and Khan 2005), in Nepal two to 16 (Ahikari Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical et al. 2008), and generally in Asia between six and eight. ECT Parameters Unmodified and modified All parameter report in Australia and New Zealand indicated modified ECT (O’Dea et al. 1991; Ministry of Health 2005; Chanpattana 2007; Lamont et al. 2011), similarly in the United States (Reid et al. 1998; Scarano et al. 2000; Prudic et al. 2001). ECT in Africa was generally administered
Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical unmodified and in Malawi modified after 2007 (Mugisha and Ovuga 1991; Selis et al. 2008). A study excluded from Nigeria reported modified ECT administered in 1979, but found too expensive (Odejide et al. 1987). Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical In Europe, all parameter report indicated modified ECT, except for Russia (in contrast to Hungary [Gazdag et al. 2004a], with obligatory anesthesia) where >80% was unmodified (Nelson 2005). In the Chuvash Republic, ECT was modified, but 40% without use of muscle relaxants (and administered mainly to women with schizophrenia) (Golenkov et al. 2010). In Spain, 0.6% received unmodified ECT, and 2.3% without Vasopressin Receptor muscle relaxants (Bertolin-Guillen et al. 2006). A large survey in Asia with 23 countries investigated reported 129,906 unmodified ECTs administered to 22,194 patients (55.7%) at 141 (54.9%) institutions in 14 countries (61%) (Chanpattana et al. 2010). Two-thirds of patients were treated unmodified in Japan (1997–1999) (Motohashi et al. 2004), and 20% of all institutions administered only unmodified, with only sine-wave approved devices. In a later survey from Japan (2001–2003), unmodified comprised 57% of all administered ECTs (Chanpattana et al. 2005a).