The excellent review by Hu and Zhang [92] highlighted that nanoparticles also have the capacity to carry combination therapies of two drugs/small molecules and have demonstrated to be particularly effective in circumventing multidrug resistance (MDR) issues in multiple cancer models. The chemical composition of nanoparticles, both from natural occurring compounds (see Figure 2) and synthetic ones (see Table 3), is varied and
the selection of which nanoparticle to utilize for any individual drug delivery system is Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical very much dependent on a multitude of factors such as the chemical nature of the drug to be transported, the loading capacity of the nanoparticle, and resultant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical nanoparticle following drug loading [93]. Figure 2 Representative example of a chitosan-based nanoparticle designed for the loading of individual siRNAs within the electrostatic network created by the nanoparticle internal infrastructure. Table 3 Overview of the major classes of nanoparticles utilised for chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
It is beyond the scope of this review to delve into the specific GSK1363089 purchase technical details regarding each individual type of nanoparticle utilized at present, as this has been already discussed extensively in other technical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical reviews and research articles within the literature [83, 84, 94, 95]. However, a brief summary encompassing the spectrum of varying nanoparticle compositions, key advantages together with toxicity profiles can be viewed in Table 3 and Figure 3. Figure
3 Visual Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical representation of a selection of varying nanoparticle-based drug (Rx) delivery systems adopted for averting cancer chemoresistance properties. Polymer-based [70] and solid lipid nanoparticle-based [69] delivery systems (blue) allow for bypass of … 5. Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Chemoresistance Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Circumvention Methodologies The study carried out by Kang et al. [69] demonstrated that administration of solid lipid nanoparticles Thymidine kinase containing doxorubicin (SLN-Dox) to the adriamycin-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR, which also overexpressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp), allowed for chemosensitisation of the cell line. This was induced due to enhanced accumulation of doxorubicin within the cell line, contributed by the nanoparticle-based delivery method, and thus the degree of apoptosis was enhanced [69]. The same principle of exploiting nanoparticle delivery to substantiate chemotherapeutic drug accumulation within the target cancer cell, with the ultimate goal of enhancing tumour chemosensitivity, was adopted in the study by Aryal et al. [70]. Polymer-cisplatin conjugate nanoparticles were developed and consequently delivered to A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line [70].