Sterol sequestration with filipin disrupted
membrane microdomain polarization, depressed tip-based ROS formation, dissipated tip-focused cytosolic Ca(2+) gradient and thereby arrested tip growth. NOX clustered at the growing tip, and corresponded with the ordered membrane domains. Immunoblot analysis and native gel assays BV-6 solubility dmso demonstrated that NOX was partially associated with detergent-resistant membranes and, furthermore, that NOX in a sterol-dependent fashion depends on membrane microdomains for its enzymatic activity. In addition, in vivo time-lapse imaging revealed the coexistence of a steep tip-high apical ROS gradient and subapical ROS production, highlighting the reported signaling P5091 role for ROS in polar
cell growth. Our results suggest that the polarization of lipid microdomains to the apical plasma membrane, and the inclusion of NOX into these domains, contribute, at least in part, to the ability to grow in a highly polarized manner to form pollen tubes.”
“Polymeric calcium phosphate cements (PCPC) derived from biodegradable poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) were prepared in an attempt to improve the mechanical strength of calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The characteristics of the PCPCs were compared with those of cement incorporated with citric acid. The diametral tensile and compressive strengths of the CPC incorporated with gamma-PGA were significantly higher than that of cement incorporated with citric acid at equivalent concentrations
(P < 0.05). The maximal diametral tensile and compressive strengths of the CPC incubated for 1 week in physiological saline solution were approximately 18.0 and 50.0 MPa, respectively. However, the initial setting time of the PCPC was slower than that of CPC incorporated with citric acid. The formation of ionic complexes between calcium ions and gamma-PGA was observed using FTIR spectroscopy. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formation was retarded by gamma-PGA incorporation according to scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. (C) 2009 Wiley JNJ-64619178 clinical trial Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 1223-1231, 2009″
“Background: Implant-associated infections contribute to patient morbidity and health care costs. We hypothesized that surface modification of titanium fracture hardware with vancomycin would support bone-healing and prevent bacterial colonization of the implant in a large-animal model.
Methods: A unilateral transverse mid-diaphyseal tibial osteotomy was performed and repaired with a titanium locking compression plate in nine sheep. Four control animals were treated with an unmodified plate and five experimental animals were treated with a vancomycin-modified plate. The osteotomy was inoculated with 2.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus. The animals were killed at three months postoperatively, and implants were retrieved aseptically.