Average 20-m sprint time values for the CON, PLA and SPD were 3 2

Average 20-m sprint time values for the CON, PLA and SPD were 3.29 ± 0.06, 3.48 ± 0.13

and 3.37 ± 0.06 s, respectively. No significant differences between the three conditions were observed for any of the sprint times (Figure 4). Figure 4 Average (±SD) time spent to cover 5-, 5 to 20- and 20-m sprint values for the 3 conditions (CON, PLA and SPD). BAY 80-6946 supplier Inter-group analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis; no statistical difference was found. Repeated sprint ability Average best performance for the 3 × 8.23 m (24.69 m) repeated sprint test for the CON, PLA and SPD were 6.23 ± 0.21, 6.27 ± 0.24 and 6.19 ± 0.22 s, respectively, with no significant difference between the three conditions (Figure 5, Panel A). The fatigue index was also not significantly different between conditions (−4.69 ± 0.63, −4.58 ± 0.68 and −4.88 ± 0.68% for CON, PLA and SPD respectively) (Figure 5, Panel B). The sprint decrement score was also not different between the three conditions (−3.21 ± 0.50, −2.70 ± 0.58 and −2.98 ± 0.41% for CON, PLA and SPD respectively). Figure 5 Repeated sprint best time and fatigue index. Average (±SD) best performance for the 3

x 8.23 m repeated sprints in the 3 conditions (CON, PLA and SPD) (Panel A). Mean (±SD) fatigue index in the 3 conditions Anlotinib clinical trial (Panel B). Fatigue index was calculated by the percent decrease in time between the fastest and the slowest sprints. Inter-group analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis; no statistically difference was found. Knee and elbow extensors maximal isometric strength Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in knee extension and elbow extension MVC torque between the three experimental conditions (Figure 6). Figure 6 Mean (±SD) isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque of knee extensors (KE MVC Torque, Panel A) and of elbow extensors (EE MVC Torque, Panel B) in the 3 conditions (CON, PLA and SPD). For KE MVC Torque and EE MVC Torque, inter-group analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis; no statistical

differences were found. Knee and elbow extensors fatigability Electromyographic changes DihydrotestosteroneDHT throughout the GNA12 90-s sustained isometric contraction were similar in the 3 conditions for all muscles, except for the lateral head of the triceps brachii whereby RMS values increased significantly less in the SPD group compared to the PLA group (Figure 7). No significant difference was observed for the triceps brachii between the SPD and CON conditions. Figure 7 Time course of root mean square (RMS) values (expressed as a percentage of the maximal RMS of the best MVC trial) of the triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) throughout the 90-sec time trial. Results are expressed as mean values ± SD in the three conditions (CON, PLA and SPD). Two-way ANOVA was used (time and condition); time effect: p < 0.001, condition x time effect: p = 0.0167.

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