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Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions RL and HW conceived and designed the experiments. YY, JXW and HWH contributed to the acquisition of the data, XYC has made substantial contribution to collected tissue samples, JZ, YFC, JF, participated in study design and coordination, RL, JS and SJQ contributed to data analysis and interpretation and drafted the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, with an estimated 21 000 new cases diagnosed and accounting for ~700 000 deaths annually [1]. To date, surgery remains the best prognostic tool for long-term survival of HCC patients; however, more than 80% of patients with HCC have underlying cirrhosis, and of these patients, only 10% to 15% are potentially resectable [2]. The rest are unresectable because of size, location, or severity of underlying liver disease. Liver transplantation (LT) probably offers a therapeutic option for these HCC patients, especially in cirrhotic patients without local or distant metastasis of HCC [3]. However, the risk of HCC recurrence is remain the major concern in patients transplanted for HCC.