Finding groups who are vulnerable is particularly important so that they can be targeted for early preventative and therapeutic interventions. Such a search would also lead to the discovery of the biochemical mechanisms involved in cannabis and endocannabinoid research and ultimately to a better understanding of how the brain and the
body functions. Acknowledgments Thanks to Ethan Russo and Geoffrey W. Guy for providing the inspiration for Table 1. Also thanks to Dr Sanem Atakan for her help with the editing of the first draft. Footnotes Funding: This research received no specific grant from any Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Conflict of interest statement: The author declare no conflicts of interest in preparing this article.
Adherence to medications and dose optimization can be affected by several physiological and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical psychological factors such as undesirable side effects, dosing regimen, route of administration, nature of illness, belief systems and personal attributes [Griffith, 1990]. Innovations in transdermal delivery systems (TDS) have made important contributions to medical practice by providing advances Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the delivery of treatment with existing
and novel drugs. TDS have significant advantages (see Table 1) over other routes of administration, such as providing prolonged and steadier drug levels [Mercier et al. 2007], the ability to interrupt treatment abruptly by removing the patch and less frequent dosing. Drug delivery Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical through skin means avoidance of gastrointestinal incompatibility and hepatic first pass metabolism, without the unpleasant and painful experiences with injections or rectal applications. Table 1. Advantages versus disadvantages of transdermal drug delivery. Factors affecting transdermal drug delivery Human skin is an efficient protective barrier. Choosing a candidate drug that is suitable for making transdermal formulations can be difficult. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Several variables influence the transdermal
transport and bioavailability of drugs as the drug traverses various structural layers of the skin (see Table 2). Preferred Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease candidate drugs for transdermal delivery are those with low molecular weight and lipophilicity, which correlate with good solubility and penetration through the skin. In addition, drugs that are more volatile and have lower melting points tend to be more easily formulated into a transdermal patch as they permeate the skin more efficiently [Vecchia and Bunge, 2003]. There is limited availability of commonly used medications as transdermal formulations. Recent advances in R428 research buy methods for modulating skin penetration to enhance transdermal transport of drugs may enable a wider choice of medications available as TDS. These modulations can be a chemical modification of the drug molecules or through direct action on the skin to enhance permeation.