However, after 14 days of induction, quantitative analysis of ARS staining did not show significant difference click this between the control group and the OGT2115 treated group indicating that the reduction of heparanase activity does not affect the osteogenic differentiations of mouse BM MSCs. Previous study suggested that the increased expressions of various matrix metalloproteinases could com pensate the loss of heparanase in genetically knockout mouse. It is reasonable to speculate that at least one of the MMPs is increased in response to and compensates for the loss of the enzymatic activity of heparanase. Accordingly, we observed a significantly higher Mmp9 expression level in HPSE Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries inhibited group than control group although there were no difference in Mmp2 and Mmp14.
These data suggested Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries that there are redundant mechanisms modulating the environmental heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the normal osteogenic differentiation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of MSCs under the HPSE inhibited condi tion might due to the increase of MMP9. Heparanase modulated cell proliferation and clonogenicity of MSCs In order to investigate whether HPSE plays a role in self renewal and proliferation of MSCs, we first evalu ated the proliferation potentials of the BM MSCs with or without the treatment of HPSE inhibitor by MTT assay. The total cell number of HPSE inhibited group was lower than control group in a dose dependent fash ion indicating that HPSE is important in the expansion of BM MSCs. Since the efficiency of population expansion may correlated with the stemness of the stem cells, it is reasonable to speculate that the clonogenicity is affected by the treatment of HPSE inhibitor.
We therefore assessed the population Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of BM MSCs that can expand into a colony. In accordance with our speculation, HPSE inhibited group formed significantly less CFUs than control group suggesting that HPSE is important in autonomous main tenance of cell stemness. Since the proliferation capacity of BM MSCs decreases along the serial passages, it is intriguing whether the effect of HPSE inhibition on the proliferation of BM MSCs also changes. We therefore performed MTT assay on BM MSCs 0, 2, 4 and 6 days after the treatment of HPSE inhibitor for BM MSCs at P2, P4 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and P6. The results showed that the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation could be con sistently observed.
Interestingly, the cell numbers began to be significantly different at day certainly 2 in P2 and P4 BM MSCs, while the statistical signifi cance were not detected until day 4 in P6 BM MSCs. Heparanase modulated the homing mechanism of BM MSCs via SDF 1/CXCR4 signaling axis HSPGs modulate several signaling pathways via the binding affinity of the covalently attached HS GAGs to a spectrum of signaling ligands and receptors. It has been shown that the chemokine SDF 1/CXCR4 signaling axis plays a key role in the migration of mouse MSCs, while accumulating evidence showed that SDF 1 is modulated by HS GAGs.