Key results indicated that large neighboring vessels could significantly influence the shape of the ice fronts, but they exerted less impact on the development of the lethal temperature boundary. The freezing duration, distance to the vessel, blood flow rate and blood vessel size were observed to be key parameters in determining the optimal cryoablation. A case study further demonstrated that by precisely controlling the cryo-freezing process, up to 44.6% of the unintended
tissue freezing could be achieved. Pragmatically, this work provides surgeons with essential information on how to precisely tune key parameters to promote greater surgical success. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Several energy-saving strategies have evolved in animals, one example being the short-term reduction of metabolism and body temperature (torpor) in endotherms. For bats, pronounced torpor behaviour Volasertib chemical structure has been described. The aim of this study was to assess individual variation in torpor expression of male Myotis daubentonii, and to analyse whether this variation is related to habitat characteristics. For that we measured skin temperatures of bats from different habitats using radio transmitters and also recorded ambient temperature. Skin temperature was corrected for ambient temperature
and individual body mass. Cluster analysis click here of residuals revealed two different thermoregulatory strategies. Males in cluster 1 were more often encountered torpid and reached lower minimum skin temperatures than males in cluster 2. The differences in behaviour were related to environmental variables (water surface area near the roost, roost see more altitude, precipitation, ambient temperature in the warmest quarter of the year). Males from cluster 1 occupied less favourable habitats (less water surface, higher altitudes, wetter and colder climate) than males from cluster 2. Our data suggest a linkage between torpor behaviour and habitat
characteristics. These characteristics could be used to identify favourable and marginal habitats for M. daubentonii. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The action of serotonin (5-HT) at the 5-HT2A receptor subtype is thought to be involved in cocaine-seeking behavior that is motivated by exposure to drug-associated cues and drug priming. 5-HT2A receptors are densely clustered in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), an area that plays a role in mediating cocaine-seeking behavior.
This study examined the hypothesis that M100907, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, infused directly in the vmPFC attenuates cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.
Rats trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) paired with light and tone cues underwent extinction training during which operant responses produced no consequences.