Methods and results: Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and related to heart weight in young, middle-aged and aging spontaneously CAL 101 hypertensive, heart failure (SHHF) prone rats. We also measured the effects of the vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), on cardiac function in SHHF rats. Cardiac hypertrophy in this model of the failing heart increased with age and related to decreasing vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency presented after cardiac
hypertrophy was first observed. Additionally, we found that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment between 4.0 and 7.0 months of age prevented cardiac hypertrophy and permits decreased workload for the heart while allowing adequate blood perfusion and pressure, resulting in reduced cardiac index.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that low vitamin D status is associated with the progression and final terminal phase of the heart failure phenotype and not with initial heart hypertrophy. Also, we report that in the vitamin D sufficient SHHF rat, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment provided protection against the progression of the heart failure phenotype. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Pneumonia
VX-680 order is the most serious acute respiratory infection and is caused by numerous etiologic agents, bacteria and viruses. Severe pneumonia is a major challenge to survival of children globally. In this article we examine the causes of global childhood mortality, and the distribution of childhood pneumonia mortality and morbidity, as well as the risk factors
that affect pneumonia incidence. Although major bacterial and viral respiratory infections, such as diphtheria, measles, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal infections, are now preventable through vaccination, bacterial pneumonia, including severe pneumonia (those that require hospitalization), still remain a public health challenge in both resource-poor and wealthy countries. We therefore, review the published literature on the available vaccines and their potential effectiveness in further reducing the burden of childhood bacterial respiratory diseases. There is a need to conduct further epidemiologic studies for identifying the disease burden and for urgent implementation Citarinostat inhibitor of proven cost-effective interventions. These interventions are a necessary part of public health actions to reduce childhood mortality, a major Millennium Development Goal. The role of vaccines in this regard is critical, as they represent a rapid and feasible intervention with an early and sustained impact.”
“More than one billion people are suffering hunger and malnutrition in 2009. Food security has deteriorated since 1995 and reductions in child malnutrition are proceeding too slowly to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving hunger by 2015.