The combination of an isothermal amplification reaction followed by a visual detection method allows the detection
of this pathogen with a speed not reported so far. The time it takes to perform the test using the lateral flow dipstick is approximately 45 min including the detection of the amplification product, without DNA preparation. This speed of detection coupled with the ability to be conducted in the field can be very important check details in plant protection programs for citrus producers and importer countries. Conclusions Considering the data from the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with the lateral flow dipstick device, we conclude that the technique GDC-0973 mw is specific,
reliable, sensitive, fast and represents a powerful diagnostic tool for CBC. The CBC-LAMP assay requires only a simple water bath, which makes this technique suitable as a field diagnosis tool in locations where more complex laboratory equipment is not available. Methods Bacterial strains Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 [34] was the reference strain used in this study; in addition, field isolates of Xcc from several geographical origins and different pathotypes were tested. The strains used in this work belong to the strain collection of the Dr. Canteros’ laboratory at Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Bella Vista, Corrientes, Argentina. All the strains were propagated on their specific medium at 28°C. Infected Plant Tissue For sensitivity tests, we used C. limón cv. Eureka leaves artificially inoculated with Xcc strain 306 as described previously [35]. Lemon and orange field samples were collected from citrus orchards in Tucumán province in Argentina from plants positives for CBC. DNA extraction For sensitivity with pure DNA and specificity assays, DNA was extracted using the Wizard® Genomic DNA purification Kit, Promega, Madison, WI, USA, according the manufacturer
instructions. DNA obtained from cultured bacteria and infected tissue were purified using Chelex® 100 resin, PI3K activity Biorad, Hercules, CA, USA, as described previously MG-132 chemical structure [4]. LAMP reaction Oligonucleotide LAMP primers were designed according to the published sequence of PthA4 gene from Xcc [GenBank: XACb0065] using the program Primer Explorer version 4 (Net Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan) targeting the 5′-end region of the gene (Fig. 3) which generated the primers XCC-F3, XCC-B3, XCC-FIP and XCC-BIP (Table 5). In addition a set of two Loop primers, XCC-LF and XCC-LB was generated for reaction acceleration (Table 5). LAMP assay was performed using a thermal dry block with a 0.5-mL PCR tube holder. Several reaction conditions were assayed, including different temperature, time (Fig. 1), and primer concentrations (data not shown).