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At the LAOP 2022 conference, 191 attendees received presentations from five plenary speakers, 28 keynotes, 24 invited talks, and 128 additional presentations, featuring oral and poster formats.

Using laser directed energy deposition (L-DED), this paper examines the residual deformation patterns in functional gradient materials (FGMs), proposing a novel approach for inherent strain calibration that accounts for scan direction effects, including a forward and reverse framework. The inherent strain and residual deformation resulting from the scanning strategies, for the 0, 45, and 90 degrees orientations, are each computed using the multi-scale forward process model. Experiments using L-DED, revealing residual deformation, were instrumental in the inverse calibration of inherent strain using the pattern search method. Averaging the results of a rotation matrix application yields the final inherent strain, calibrated in the direction of zero. After all calculations, the final calibrated inherent strain is implemented within the rotational scanning strategy's model. The predicted residual deformation trend shows a high degree of concordance with the experimental findings during the verification phase. This work allows for the prediction of the residual deformation of FGMs and serves as a valuable reference.

Future trends in Earth observation technology are evident in the integrated acquisition and identification of both elevation and spectral information from observed targets. Fludarabine The detection of the infrared band echo signal from a lidar system is investigated in this study, which also details the design and development of airborne hyperspectral imaging lidar optical receiving systems. Avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors, independently designed, are intended for the detection of the 800-900 nm band's weak echo signal. One can ascertain the photosensitive surface of the APD detector by a radius of 0.25 millimeters. Employing a laboratory setup, we designed and showcased the optical focusing system of the APD detector, and the resulting image plane size of the optical fiber end faces, from channel 47 to 56, approximated 0.3 mm. Fludarabine Results affirm the reliability of the self-designed APD detector's optical focusing system. By exploiting the fiber array's focal plane splitting technology, we direct the echo signal in the 800-900 nm range to the appropriate APD detector using the fiber array, enabling a series of testing procedures on the APD detector. The remote sensing capabilities of the APD detectors within every channel of the ground-based platform were validated in field tests, demonstrating success up to a distance of 500 meters. Through the development of this APD detector, the capability for airborne hyperspectral imaging lidar to accurately detect ground targets in the infrared band is realized, effectively resolving the problem of weak light signals in hyperspectral imaging.

Utilizing a digital micromirror device (DMD) for secondary modulation of interferometric data within spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) results in DMD-SHS modulation interference spectroscopy, enabling a Hadamard transform. DMD-SHS contributes to improved spectrometer performance metrics like SNR, dynamic range, and spectral bandwidth, maintaining the benefits inherent in conventional SHS designs. The optical system of the DMD-SHS is more intricate than a standard SHS, imposing heightened requirements upon the spatial arrangement of the optical system and the performance of its components. The DMD-SHS modulation mechanism's component functionalities were scrutinized, yielding a defined set of design requirements for each. The DMD-SHS experimental device was conceived due to the findings from potassium spectral analysis. The combined potassium lamp and integrating sphere detection methodology, implemented on the DMD-SHS device, evidenced its detection capability with a spectral resolution of 0.0327 nm and a spectral range of 763.6677125 nm, thus confirming the applicability of DMD-SHS combined modulation interference spectroscopy.

Precision measurement gains substantial support from laser scanning, owing to its non-contacting and low-cost nature, but traditional methods and systems are hampered by limitations in accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. This study introduces a high-performance 3D scanning system, integrating asymmetric trinocular vision with a multi-line laser, to enhance measurement accuracy. An exploration of the system design, working principle, and 3D reconstruction method, alongside an analysis of the innovative aspects of the developed system, is presented. Importantly, a multi-line laser fringe indexing method is developed using K-means++ clustering and hierarchical processing. This method accelerates the processing speed with a guarantee of accuracy, which is paramount for the 3D reconstruction method. To confirm the efficacy of the developed system, a series of experiments were undertaken, demonstrating its adeptness in meeting measurement requirements for adaptability, accuracy, effectiveness, and robustness. Under intricate measurement conditions, the newly developed system outperforms commercial probes, reaching an accuracy of 18 meters or better for measurements.

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) offers a highly effective approach to the evaluation of surface topography. This combination brings together the high lateral resolution of microscopy and the exceptional axial resolution of interferometry. Subaperture stitched DHM for tribology is the subject of this paper's presentation. By combining multiple measurements and stitching them together, the developed approach enables comprehensive inspection of extensive surfaces, thus providing a substantial benefit to evaluating tribological tests, particularly those conducted on thin-film tribological tracks. Utilizing the entire track's dimensions, unlike the four-profile approach by a contact profilometer, provides an expanded set of parameters, thereby enhancing the interpretation of the tribological test results.

The demonstration of a multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (MBFL) with a switchable channel spacing incorporates a 155-meter single-mode AlGaInAs/InP hybrid square-rectangular laser as the seeding source. The scheme produces a 10-GHz-spaced MBFL using a feedback path in a highly nonlinear fiber loop. Subsequently, a tunable optical bandpass filter facilitated the creation of MBFLs, spanning 20 GHz to 100 GHz in 10 GHz increments, within a separate, highly nonlinear fiber loop. This loop employed cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. The switchable spacings all achieved a successful outcome of over 60 lasing lines, with an optical signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 10 dB in each case. The MBFLs' channel spacing and total output power are reliably stable, as established.

A Mueller matrix polarimeter, employing modified Savart polariscopes (MSP-SIMMP), is presented. By means of spatial modulation, the MSP-SIMMP's combination of polarizing and analyzing optics encodes all Mueller matrix components of the sample into the interferogram. An exploration of the interference model and the techniques used in its reconstruction and calibration is undertaken. A practical design example is simulated numerically and experimentally examined in the laboratory to establish the feasibility of the MSP-SIMMP. One notable attribute of the MSP-SIMMP is its simple and straightforward calibration procedure. Fludarabine Furthermore, in contrast to conventional Mueller matrix polarimeters incorporating rotating components, the proposed instrument boasts a simpler, more compact design, enabling snapshot measurements and maintaining a stationary configuration, devoid of moving parts.

Multilayer antireflection coatings (ARCs) are typically employed in solar cells to amplify the photocurrent generated at a normal angle of incidence. The reason outdoor solar panels are often placed to receive strong midday sunlight at a nearly vertical angle is due to their design considerations. Yet, within indoor photovoltaic systems, the light direction fluctuates significantly with adjustments in the relative position and orientation of the device to the light source; this makes predicting the incidence angle quite difficult. This study investigates a method for designing ARCs suitable for indoor photovoltaics, incorporating considerations for the specific indoor lighting conditions, in contrast to the outdoor conditions. A design approach based on optimization is introduced to enhance the average level of photocurrent produced in a solar cell when exposed to randomly-distributed irradiance from all directions. The proposed method is applied for the design of an ARC for organic photovoltaics, projected to function effectively as indoor devices, and the numerical performance comparison is made with the performance obtained using a standard design approach. Through the results, it is evident that our design strategy is effective in achieving excellent omnidirectional antireflection performance, allowing for the production of practical and efficient ARCs in indoor environments.

The advanced quartz surface nano-local etching process is being examined. We posit that an escalation in the intensity of evanescent fields above surface protrusions will consequentially result in an augmentation of the rate of quartz nano-local etching. By controlling the optimal rate of surface nano-polishing, we have reduced the quantity of etch products collected in the rough surface troughs. The dependence of the quartz surface profile's development on the initial surface roughness, the refractive index of the chlorine-containing medium touching it, and the wavelength of incident radiation is illustrated.

Dispersion and attenuation problems are the primary obstacles impeding the effectiveness of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. Pulse broadening within the optical spectrum is attributable to dispersion, and the optical signal is weakened by attenuation. Utilizing dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and cascaded repeater technology, this paper proposes solutions to address linear and nonlinear impairments by employing two modulation schemes (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero [CSRZ] and optical modulators) and two distinct channel spacings (100 GHz and 50 GHz).